Why Buildings Matter and the Critical Role of ASTM International Standards in Delivering on Building Energy Performance Objectives

This test method covers the laboratory determination using a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids, and having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less.

This test method covers the determination of the corrosiveness to copper of aviation gasoline, aviation turbine fuel, automotive gasoline, cleaners (Stoddard) solvent, kerosine, diesel fuel, distillate fuel oil, lubricating oil, and natural gasoline or other hydrocarbons having a vapor pressure no greater than 124 kPa (18 psi) at 37.8 degrees C.

This test method covers the determination of hydrocarbon types over the concentration ranges from 5 to 99 volume percent aromatics, 0.3 to 55 volume percent olefins, and 1 to 95 volume percent saturates in petroleum fractions that distill below 315 degrees C. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined. Samples containing dark-colored components that interfere in reading the chromatographic bands cannot be analyzed.

This test method covers the determination of the color of refined oils such as undyed motor and aviation gasoline, jet propulsion fuels, naphthas and kerosine, and, in addition, petroleum waxes and pharmaceutical white oils.

This test method covers the determination of the amount of carbon residue left after evaporation and pyrolysis of an oil, and is intended to provide some indication of relative coke-forming propensities.

This test method covers the determination of the temperature below which solid hydrocarbon crystals may form in aviation turbine fuels and aviation gasoline.

This test method covers only petroleum products and biodiesel fuels that are transparent in layers 40 mm in thickness, and with a cloud point below 49°C.

This test method covers the determination of mercaptan sulfur in gasolines, kerosines, aviation turbine fuels, and distillate fuels containing from 0.0003 to 0.01 mass percent of mercaptan sulfur.

This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products that are single-phase and either liquid at ambient conditions, liquefiable with moderate heat, or soluble in hydrocarbon solvents. These materials can include diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosine, other distillate oil, naphtha, residual oil, lubricating base oil, hydraulic oil, crude oil, unleaded gasoline, gasohol, biodiesel, and similar petroleum products.

This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, v, of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, n, can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, v, by the density, p, of the liquid.

This test method covers the determination of ash in the range 0.001-0.180 mass percent, from distillate and residual fuels, gas turbine fuels, crude oils, lubricating oils, waxes, and other petroleum products, in which any ash-forming materials present are normally considered to be undesirable impurities or contaminants. The test method is limited to petroleum products which are free from added ash-forming additives, including certain phosphorus compounds.

This test method covers procedures for preparing and testing asphalt concrete specimens for the purpose of measuring the effect of water on the tensile strength of the paving mixture. This test method is applicable to dense mixtures such as those appearing in the Table for Composition of Bituminous Paving Mixtures in Specification D3515. This test method can be used to evaluate the effect of moisture with or without antistripping additives including liquids and pulverulent solids such as hydrated lime or portland cement

This test method covers a procedure for determination of the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregates extracted from bituminous mixtures using sieves with square openings.

This test method covers procedures for the determination of acidic constituents in petroleum products, lubricants, biodiesel and blends of biodiesel.

This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid bituminous materials, asphalt cements, and soft tar pitches by use of a pycnometer.

This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 percent, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.

These test methods cover the determination of the flash point of petroleum products in the temperature range from 40 to 370 degrees C by a manual Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus or an automated Pensky-Martens closed-cup apparatus, and the determination of the flash point of biodiesel in the temperature range of 60 to 190 degrees C by an automated Pensky-Martens closed cup apparatus.

This test method covers and is intended for use on any petroleum product. The cloud point procedure formerly part of this test method now appears as Test Method D2500.

This course covers the determination of acidic or basic constituents in petroleum products and lubricants soluble or nearly soluble in mixtures of toluene and isopropyl alcohol. It is applicable for the determination of acids or bases whose dissociation constants in water are larger than 10?9, extremely weak acids or bases whose dissociation constants are smaller than 10?9 do not interfere.