E-Learning For HVAC And Building Services Engineering, Co2 Refrigeration System Basics

The course objective is to highlight and understand the potential hazards of ammonia, in liquid and vapour form in refrigeration systems. It addresses safety hardware systems that should be in place to minimise the likelihood of ammonia release and safety compliance to engineering standards and regulations. The course also covers the safety management systems expectations. The management policies reduces the risk by implementing control measures that fulfils safe work environment to anyone during potentially hazardous situations. The training enlightens current laws, regulations, standards, personal protective equipment, approved codes of practice and guidelines governing use of ammonia refrigeration equipment.

This seminar is of interest to end-users, consultants, construction companies and architects involved with industrial cooling and heating systems. It reviews the safety implications of ammonia refrigeration systems and the different types available. It will explain how energy efficient technology reduces carbon emissions and the energy bill. Compliance with current legislation will also be covered.

Seminar explores what the carbon reduction commitment is and explains how energy efficient technology reduces carbon emissions and the energy bill. It also explains the different types of heat recovery and states the benefits of using combined cooling and heating systems.

These modules will provide you with a basic understanding of the use of co2 refrigeration systems. Basic system concept line drawings are included along with detailed information on actual systems.

E-learning module provides an overview and theory knowledge regarding the refrigerant recycling and emissions reduction regulations section of the clean air act which focuses on capturing and ultimately eliminating the use of chlorofluorocarbons.

E-learning module covers pneumatic testing of refrigeration and air conditioning systems with inert gases. Includes information on pneumatic strength and tightness pressure testing, personal protective equipment, hazards, test gases and equipment and maximum allowable and design pressures.

Course covers air conditioning split systems basics, automotive air conditioning basics, fundamentals of automotive air conditioning maintenance.

Course provides an introduction to co2, special properties, available grades of co2, and advantages of co2, temperature & pressure limits.

Course covers gas properties & laws, pressure and pressure measurement, thermodynamics and vapour compression cycle.

The energy required for cooling offices, warehouses and processes is a major cost to many businesses and is a significant part of their carbon footprint. This presentation looks at ways of reducing a business cooling requirement and how to carry out the cooling as efficiently as possible. Case studies are provided for completed projects in markets including retail, data centre and process cooling.

Reducing energy use is a top priority in industrial refrigeration systems but there is still a massive variation from one site to another. This presentation reviews five years of study of industrial refrigeration systems in the cold storage and distribution sector to establish the reasons for the variation in performance, remedial actions to improve energy performance. It provides detail of a new metric for predicting future energy consumption of a coldstore and how this can be used to control operating costs.

The UK’s ambitious Net Zero goal of 2050 means that businesses are under pressure to develop and implement decarbonization strategies. Some sectors have already published their strategies and others are being urged to publish detailed plans. For many UK businesses, this means implementing radical changes to their existing operations, including those designed to facilitate the decarbonization of heating. Nicky Cowan explains how industrial heat pump and heat recovery systems can save money, reduce emissions, and optimize operations to help meet decarbonization targets.

How to reduce your energy bill and prove to stakeholders that your business is taking action in accordance with climate change targets. According to research done by the Carbon Trust around 80% of energy used for temperature controlled facilities relates to the refrigeration plant. Therefore, the efficiency of a refrigeration system has a direct effect on environmental and financial performance of businesses. This should be in every end-users mind when selecting and operating cooling equipment. This presentation will look at ways of reducing energy consumption through a number of approaches. 1. Reduction in heat load – reduce the load = less cooling required both in terms of capacity and duration. 2. Component selection – What equipment and control methodology will reduce energy consumption at the design stage or with a retrofit.

Seminar reviews the issues affecting the correct operation of industrial refrigeration plants including operating factors i.e. Energy, and aftercare regimes i.e. Maintenance and capital cost. Compares the different types of maintenance depending on technology and methodology uses. Includes an analysis of survey results carried out in 9 industrial refrigeration systems across the UK to evaluate the value of undertaking maintenance.

This seminar will review the criteria to use when purchasing industrial heat-pump technology with the effects of any potential trade-offs, and discuss how to choose the right heat-pump technology for a diverse number of project requirements. When considering a heat-pump for a new construction project (existing residential or industrial facilities) the first requirement is to understand how a large scale heat-pump works in order to benefit from both financial and environmental gains.

The presentation is a review of the primary environmental issues that have driven international and UK legislation associated with ozone depletion and global warming. It describes the key legislation and the most recent proposed changes to it, outlining the likely impact of this on the future selection of refrigerants and refrigeration systems. It describes the benefits and challenges of using some of these refrigerants, as a means of making the point that there is no single, simple answer to the selection and application of refrigerants and systems for a project. It finishes by listing the range of criteria that apply in assessing the relative merits of particular options and points out that the relative weighting given to each by those making the assessment will affect the final decision.

Highlighting the benefits of low charge ammonia and CO2 systems, the differences between the two refrigerants and their suitability for specific applications, the presentation focuses on refrigerant selection from a financial and efficiency point of view.

Energy is the largest cost over the life of a refrigeration system and in the cold storage sector it typically accounts for 90% of the total cost of ownership. Therefore, the efficiency of a refrigeration system has a direct effect on the environmental and financial performance of a business. The presentation will help businesses assess the suitability and performance of their current refrigeration related carbon and energy reduction strategies. Cold storage end users will be able to understand the elements involved in the development, implementation and sustained evaluation of customised programmes that reduce energy and carbon emissions at every stage- from conceptual to existing refrigeration plants. All plant owners need to consider the efficiency of their cooling equipment but the majority don’t have the tools or the years of experience to make informed decisions. By integrating the best available industry data with the industry’s expertise, there are now a number of evidence based, comprehensive solution that allows for an accurate assessment of the energy consumption and environmental impact of a cold store cooling plant - from inception and throughout the life cycle of the refrigeration system.

This presentation encourages cold chain operators and engineers to find more efficient and sustainable ways to deliver cooling in response to the UK’s net-zero carbon target. Dr Dermot Cotter explores the challenges faced by the cold chain, alongside the latest innovations in refrigeration engineering and shows examples of modern low carbon refrigeration systems for large distribution centres. The presentation focuses on developments in refrigeration engineering in the cold chain - from production to storage- showcasing the latest research and giving examples of how novel technology is being developed and applied to tackle complex cooling problems.

Over the past decade, new technology has made a massive difference to the maintenance service offered to refrigeration end-users by leading refrigeration engineering companies. Modern engineering tools and techniques are now central to plant maintenance programmes, which are designed to support and protect each customer's key business asset. Refrigeration customers are seeing a marked increase in plant reliability and substantial cost savings. For maintenance providers, modern tooling techniques have improved service delivery in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness, saving engineering time and resources. This article discusses modern tooling techniques including vibration analysis, motion amplification, thermographic scans, laser alignment and remote monitoring.

Refrigeration is vital to the survival, safety and continued operation of businesses. More often than not, refrigeration is neglected and relegated to the bottom of the list of priorities, until things start to fail. However, things do go wrong and It's important to keep on top of regular maintenance to guarantee safety, low operating costs, reliability, efficiency, and plant longevity. To put things into perspective, typically, 60% of a system's total life cycle costs are accounted for by its operation, while maintenance accounts for 20%. Capital investment represents only a marginal value of the refrigeration system's total life cycle costs at 15-20%. This seminar looks at the reasons why maintenance should be taken into account to ensure the solidity of business operations.

This seminar explains the background to hfc phase-down and describes the steps taken to evaluate alternatives to r-134a for use in small centrifugal compressors and the design modifications required to ensure efficiency and reliability. It gives the results of performance testing in a factory environment and on site and discusses commercial, technical and legislative barriers to further progress.

It is easier than ever to collect data and our mountain of data is growing rapidly. However, if it isn’t looked at, understood and actioned then it isn’t providing any value. How then do we use this data to our advantage? Computer modelling to create a ‘digital twin’ can answer this question by looking at the load on the plant, the efficiency with which it is dealing with the load and what system components are underperforming. The result of which informs decisions and leads to prompt, targeted action. This presentation will provide an analysis on how data is captured, processed and what results can be achieved.

Spares have an essential role in industrial refrigeration plant aftercare. When a component breaks or a fault develops, it is vital that replacement parts are sourced and fitted as soon as possible, to minimise downtime and disruption. A highly responsive and reliable Spares service helps refrigeration engineers get equipment back up and running quickly following a fault or breakdown. This fast response can potentially save plant operators thousands of pounds in costly downtime. In this article, Calum Mckenzie explains the critical role of spares in industrial refrigeration plant aftercare and what an effective spares service should look like.

The temperature controlled storage industry is energy intensive and energy costs are rising. There is an urging need to achieve carbon emission reductions to meet the UK goal of achieving net zero carbon emissions by 2050. This presentation will enable cold storage operators to assess their current energy consumption and discover the contributing factors to inefficient energy consumption. From planning to building construction, refrigeration system design, maintenance, system analysis and monitoring and system and controls optimisation, operators will discover the process of bringing a plant to its optimum efficiency level.

The article highlights the pressing need for the cold chain sector to adapt in response to rising global temperatures, escalating energy costs, and a scarcity of resources. It underscores the potential for significant energy savings through operational alterations, infrastructure enhancements, and the adoption of innovative technologies. Key strategies involve designing energy-efficient facilities, utilizing natural refrigerants in light of F-gas regulations, and incorporating renewable energy sources. The role of big data and automation in improving operational efficiency is also emphasized. The focus is on achieving not just immediate sustainability goals but ensuring long-term environmental compliance and efficiency across a facility's lifecycle.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is essentially the interconnection of smart electronic devices via the internet. There are estimated to be over 26 billion IoT devices worldwide, exchanging data through online platforms and software systems. This article discusses the real benefits the IoT bring to the efficient and safe provision of planned preventative maintenance of industrial refrigeration equipment through smart monitoring of live data, automated control over multiple plants across the country, and schedule works via the interconnection of smart devices.

The price of electricity in the UK today is roughly double what it was a decade ago. There is also greater volatility in the pricing market, making future expenditure more difficult to calculate. Given that paying for energy typically consumes between 9% and 17% of a cold store facility’s revenue, and that the refrigeration system often comprises upwards of 70% of those costs, it makes sense to mitigate spending as much as possible by optimising energy use. Dr Rob Lamb explains how Specific Energy Consumption as a predictive metric for business performance in the TCS&D sector The Internet of Things and The Evolution of Refrigeration Plant Aftercare.

Whether a facility is a stand-alone cold storage unit or part of a larger site with production processes, it is entirely normal that all heat from the refrigeration plant is discharged to the atmosphere. However, what if we decided to capture the waste heat and use it? What techniques are available and what options present themselves to harness this assumed valueless waste heat? With around 50% of gas consumption in the UK being for heating buildings opportunities for the economic harnessing of cold storage (or process) waste heat are only going to get better. This presentation will support anyone with any aspirations to harness waste heat.